People with gross hematuria have urine that is pink, red, or brown. Even a small amount of blood in the urine can cause urine to change color. In most cases, people with gross hematuria do not have other signs and symptoms.
People with gross hematuria that includes blood clots in the urine may have bladder pain or pain in the back. Taking a medical history may help a health care professional diagnose the cause of hematuria. He or she will ask the patient to provide a medical history, a review of symptoms, and a list of prescription and over-the-counter medications. The health care professional will also ask about current and past medical conditions.
During a physical exam, a health care professional most often taps on the abdomen and back, checking for pain or tenderness in the bladder and kidney area. A health care professional may perform a digital rectal exam on a man to look for any prostate problems. A health care professional may perform a pelvic exam on a woman to look for the source of possible red blood cells in the urine. Digital rectal exam. To perform the exam, the health care professional has the man bend over a table or lie on his side while holding his knees close to his chest.
The digital rectal exam is used to check for prostate inflammation, an enlarged prostate, or prostate cancer. Pelvic exam. The health care professional has the woman lie on her back on an exam table and place her feet on the corners of the table or in supports. The health care professional looks at the pelvic organs and slides a gloved, lubricated finger into the vagina to check for problems that may be causing blood in the urine.
The health care professional can test the urine in the office using a dipstick or can send it out to a lab for analysis. The health care professional may look for red blood cells by examining the urine under a microscope before ordering further tests. Prior to obtaining a urine sample, the health care professional may ask a woman when she last menstruated.
The test should be repeated after the woman stops menstruating. If the urine samples detect too many red blood cells, a health care professional may order additional tests:.
Health care professionals treat hematuria by treating its underlying cause. Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing hematuria. Clinical trials are part of clinical research and at the heart of all medical advances. Clinical trials look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat disease.
Researchers also use clinical trials to look at other aspects of care, such as improving the quality of life for people with chronic illnesses. Find out if clinical trials are right for you. Clinical trials that are currently open and are recruiting can be viewed at www.
You may have a blood test to check for high levels of the protein creatinine, a sign of kidney disease. In many cases, the doctor is not able to find out why there is blood in the urine, Dr. Smith notes. He or she may decide to retest your urine in a year. If blood is found, you may undergo more tests.
Or you may be retested several years later. Hematuria is managed by treating its underlying cause. For example, if the condition is caused by a urinary tract infection, it is treated with antibiotics. Treatment for kidney stones can include waiting for the stone to pass by itself, medication or surgery. If you are found to have kidney or bladder cancer, your doctor may refer you to an oncologist or urologic surgeon. If the tumor is found early, the cancer often can be cured. There are a number of options for kidney and bladder cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
Kennelly says. Read the latest issue of Urology Health extra, the Urology Care Foundations patient-focused magazine. This web site has been optimized for user experience and security, therefore Internet Explorer IE is not a recommended browser. Thank you. A diseased or inflamed kidney can cause hematuria. This disease can occur on its own or as part of another disease, such as diabetes.
In children ages 6 to 10 years, the kidney disorder post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis may cause hematuria. This disorder can develop one to two weeks after an untreated strep infection. Cancer of the bladder , kidney , or prostate can cause blood in the urine.
This is a symptom that often occurs in advanced cancer cases. There may not be earlier signs of a problem. Rare blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia , Alport syndrome, and hemophilia can cause blood in the urine. Your doctor will then give you a physical examination and collect a sample of your urine for testing. The analysis of your urine can confirm the presence of blood and detect bacteria if an infection is the cause. Your doctor may order imaging tests such as a CT scan , which uses radiation to create an image of your body.
Another possible test your doctor may want to do is a cystoscopy. This involves using a small tube to send a camera up your urethra and into your bladder. With the camera, your doctor can examine the interior of your bladder and urethra to determine the cause of your hematuria. Since some of the causes of blood in the urine are serious, you should seek medical attention the first time you see it.
These may all be indications of microscopic hematuria. If an infection, such as a UTI, is responsible for your hematuria, your healthcare provider will prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Hematuria caused by large kidney stones can be painful if left untreated. Prescription medications and treatments can help you pass stones. Your healthcare provider may suggest using a procedure called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ESWL to break up the stones.
ESWL involves using sound waves to break the kidney stones into tiny pieces that can pass in your urine. The procedure usually takes around one hour and may be done under light anesthesia.
Your healthcare provider may also use a scope to remove your kidney stones. To do this, they pass a thin tube called a ureteroscope through your urethra and bladder into your ureter. The scope is equipped with a camera to locate the stones. Your healthcare provider will use special tools to snare the stones and remove them. If the stones are large, they will be broken into pieces before removal.
If an enlarged prostate is causing your hematuria, your healthcare provider may prescribe medication , such as alpha blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. In some cases, surgery may be an option. Some of the causes of blood in the urine are serious, so you should contact your healthcare provider if you notice this symptom. If the symptom is due to cancer, ignoring it can lead to an advancement of the tumors to the point that treatment is difficult.
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