Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis is where the body creates waste products called ketones that can build up in the blood and become life-threatening.
Symptoms of ketoacidosis include:. Here are some lifestyle changes and medical treatments that can help treat hyperglycemia:. Getting professional medical advice from a healthcare provider like an endocrinologist is the best way to learn more about whether your blood sugar levels are where they should be. Not getting proper treatment for low or high blood sugar levels can be serious and lead to health complications, especially for those with diabetes.
Diabetes complications include nerve damage, kidney disease, heart disease, or heart attacks. If you see a healthcare provider about your blood sugar levels, be prepared to answer questions about risk factors like what you eat, how much you exercise, and about your family history.
Some healthcare providers may want to take a blood sample to test your blood sugar levels. They may also order an A1C test , which is a blood test that measures blood sugar levels over several months. If the result indicates that a person has higher than expected glucose levels, the doctor will usually order a follow-up test to confirm the diagnosis, including the following:. Fasting glucose test. This test measures blood glucose levels after the person has had nothing to eat or drink for 8 hours.
Oral glucose tolerance test OGTT. People with diabetes can sometimes demonstrate normal results in the fasting or random glucose tests yet still have diabetes. If a doctor still suspects that a person has diabetes, they may recommend an OGTT.
This test also requires a person not to eat or drink for 8 hours. After giving the first blood sample, the individual drinks a liquid containing glucose. The doctor then takes more blood samples hourly over the next 2 hours. A doctor may recommend a random blood glucose test if a person shows symptoms of diabetes, such as:. Type 2 diabetes can often develop slowly, which might make symptoms difficult to detect at first. People with diabetes may also experience a sensation of tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, or diabetic neuropathy.
This is more likely to occur if a person does not control blood glucose for extended periods. A random glucose test is a quick test that a doctor or nurse can carry out at short notice in their office or clinic. The person does not need to fast beforehand. The test requires a small sample of blood that the doctor or nurse will take using a needle, often from the finger. However, for a more reliable diagnosis, the doctor will usually repeat the test on another day.
It also burns extra glucose in your bloodstream. In the long term, exercise will lead to more stable random glucose test results. Glucose testing helps keep track of symptoms and manage diabetes. Random blood glucose values vary depending on the last time you ate. There are a number of factors that can contribute to an inaccurate reading, like certain medications or illnesses. The ADA suggests keeping track of all these results to keep a daily record of blood level history.
Stress, activity, and food can make the results vary. If the readings are too high or too low for a number of days in a row, it may be time to consult your doctor. Going over a target level with your doctor and changing the plan can give better results. Diabetes is a serious condition. The key is healthy behavior changes combined with good glucose monitoring. You may need to make changes in your management program before further complications arise.
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Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. This soon goes away. Your doctor may order this test if you have signs of diabetes. More than likely, the doctor will order a fasting blood sugar test.
The blood glucose test is also used to monitor people who already have diabetes. High blood sugar and diabetes may not cause symptoms in the early stages. A fasting blood sugar test is almost always done to screen for diabetes. If you're overweight body mass index, or BMI, of 25 or higher and have any of the risk factors below, ask your health care provider about getting tested at an earlier age and more often:.
Children age 10 and older who are overweight and have at least two of the risk factors listed above should be tested for type 2 diabetes every 3 years, even if they have no symptoms. If you had a random blood glucose test, a normal result depends on when you last ate. The examples above show the common measurements for results of these tests.
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens.
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